Their successes continued as nearly 400 Allied ships were sunk between January and July 1942, while only seven U-boats were lost. Their efforts initially paid off, with 454,000 tonnes of shipping being lost to German U-boats in June 1941 alone. Between 19, the Germans increased the number of U-boats from 30 to 300 and developed effective hunting techniques like using groups of submarines, called wolfpacks, to attack convoys. Challenges and SuccessesĮarly in the war, German U-boats took a heavy toll on merchant shipping as the Allies struggled to find effective ways to combat the enemy threat. East Coast cities soon found themselves involved in the battle, since Allied convoys (groups of ships that crossed the Atlantic together under the protection of naval escorts) were frequently leaving busy ports like Halifax and Sydney, Nova Scotia, and St. Canada’s Merchant Navy, along with the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), played a key role in the Allied efforts. The Battle of the Atlantic brought the war to Canada’s doorstep, with U-boats torpedoing ships within sight of Canada’s East Coast and even in the St. To do this, German submarines, called U-boats, and other warships prowled the Atlantic Ocean sinking Allied transport ships. The Allies needed to keep the vital flow of men and supplies going between North America and Europe, where they could be used in the fighting, while the Germans wanted to cut these supply lines. The Battle of the Atlantic was the struggle between the Allied and German forces for control of the Atlantic Ocean. The battle began on the opening day of the war in September 1939 and ended almost six years later with Germany’s surrender in May 1945. The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous battle of the Second World War and one in which Canada played a central role.
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